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Albanian Songs of the Frontier Warriors
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Albanian Songs of the Frontier Warriors : ウィキペディア英語版
Albanian Songs of the Frontier Warriors
Albanian Songs of the Frontier Warriors ((アルバニア語:Këngë Kreshnikësh or Cikli i Kreshnikëve)) are part of the traditional cycle of the Albanian epic songs. They took their definite form in 17th and 18th century and were orally transmitted by the Albanian bards. The songs were first time recorded in written form in the first decades of the 20th centuries by the Franciscan priests Shtjefën Gjeçovi and Bernandin Palaj. Palaj was eventually the first to publish them in Albanian in 1937. The songs were translated into English by Robert Elsie, who published them for the first time in 2004. The Albanian bards' tradition of singing the songs from memory is the last survival of its kind in modern Europe.
==History==
Songs emerged in the South Slavic milieu and were transmitted by bilingual singers to (some would say back to) the Albanian milieu.〔: "From this and from conspicuous Slavic terms in some of the songs, it would seem evident that we are dealing with the body of oral material which, probably after centuries of evolution, crystallized in a southern Slavic milieu and which was then transmitted by bilingual singers to (some would say back to) an Albanian milieu."〕 Research shows that the songs originate from 17th and 18th centuries,〔.〕 and were orally transmitted by the Albanian bards. Although they were transmitted from the South Slavic milieu of Bosnia, they are not simply translated from Serbo-Croatian, but they independently evolved in the northern Albanian highlands.〔: "Despite transmission from a Bosnian Slav milieu, the Songs of Frontier Warriors are by no means simply translations of Serbo-Croatian epic verse. They have undergone continuous and independent evolution since the period of crystallization and are thus neither Bosnian, Montenegrin, Hercegovine, Serb, nor southern Albanian for that matter, but a product of the creative genius of the northern Albanian highlands."〕

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